Glycolic acid is an alpha hydroxy acid that is produced for over the counter glycolic acid products from sugar cane. It has been used for many years for exfoliating (removing dead skin cells), moisturising and softening the skin. It is similar to salicylic acid which is also used for skin preparations.
Glycolic acid works its magic by penetrating the skin and reaching deep down to the layer containing the bonds that hold dead and damaged skin cells. It can do this because it is a small molecule that can easily penetrate the top layer of the skin. It can then break these bonds which allows the dead skin cells to be easily sloughed away exposing a newer, fresher, healthier looking layer of skin. This is essentially how an exfoliating agent works. Over the counter glycolic acid creams and gels can be bought as exfoliators and are usually well tolerated. they can however they can be drying to the skin so are often sold with neutralisers and moisturisers to overcome this problem. Exfoliation is often recommended for those suffering from acne and OTC glycolic acid preparations can be very useful if you suffer from this.
Chemical Peels
Glycolic acid is also an ingredient in some chemical peels which are similar to exfoliators but more drastic in action. The concentration of the active ingredient is higher so side effects, such as irritation or reddening of the skin, may occur although they should be generally mild and temporary. Essentially a chemical peel literally burns off the topmost skin layer to leave healthy, newer skin exposed. Although you can do a this type of peel at home it would be better, for your first time, to have it done by a professional. This will allow you to see how it affects your skin and what you should expect. A peel will help to reduce fine lines, improve it’s texture and help to correct damage that may have been caused by too much sun.
Other OTC Glycolic Acid Preparations
Some other types of preparations that contain glycolic acid include skin lightening products and some anti-aging preparations. You should be careful if the preparation contains retinol, a common ingredient in anti-aging creams as this can increase the skin’s sensitivity to the acid and increase the severity of side effects. For small areas of discoloured skin, such as that caused by sun damage, these types of preparations can be very effective.
Conclusion
Over the counter glycolic acid products are well tolerated and effective at reducing fine lines and improving the appearance and texture of the skin. Peels and exfoliating preparations are generally milder than most other types and produce fewer side effects. They are widely available as skin care preparations and can help you achieve healthy, young looking skin.